One day in 1884, Charles Henry Dow averaged the closing prices of 11 stocks he considered representative of the U.S. economy in a paper that preceded The Wall Street Journal.
By 1896, The Wall Street Journal was publishing its average on a regular basis, and the most famous indicator of stock market health was born: the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Most people have heard of the Dow, as well as a few other well-known stock indexes that track the overall direction of the market. Indexes and averages serve as useful benchmarks against which investors can measure the performance of their own portfolios. Depending on its makeup, a stock index can give investors some idea about the state of the market as a whole or a certain sector of the market. Conceptually, a shift in the price of an index represents an equitable change in the stocks included in the index.
Market indexes are useful for assessing the historical performance of investment portfolios over time, but they don't reveal important details about the companies they track. They also have certain biases inherent in their statistical calculations. Remember that past performance is not a guarantee of future results.
Employer-sponsored retirement plans are more valuable than ever. The money in them grows tax deferred until it is withdrawn at retirement. And contributions to a 401(k) plan actually reduce your taxable income. But figuring out how to manage the assets in your retirement plan can be confusing, particularly in times of financial uncertainty.
The stock market is inherently extremely volatile. The return and principal value of stocks fluctuate with changes in market conditions. Stocks, when sold, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Is it a safe place for your retirement money? Or should you shift more into a money market fund offering a stable but lower return?
Diversification is a basic principle of investing. Spreading your holdings among several different asset classes (e.g., stocks, bonds, etc.) lessens your potential loss in any one investment. Do the same for the assets in your retirement plan. Keep in mind, however, that diversification does not guarantee against investment loss; it is a method used to help reduce investment risk.
Because some stocks influence the market more than others, each stock is given a different weight when the calculations are made. This is called "market-capitalization weighting," which is the type of weighting used for the Nasdaq Composite, the Wilshire 5000, and the Russell 2000. Over 70% of all U.S. equity is tracked by the S&P 500.
By 1896, The Wall Street Journal was publishing its average on a regular basis, and the most famous indicator of stock market health was born: the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Most people have heard of the Dow, as well as a few other well-known stock indexes that track the overall direction of the market. Indexes and averages serve as useful benchmarks against which investors can measure the performance of their own portfolios. Depending on its makeup, a stock index can give investors some idea about the state of the market as a whole or a certain sector of the market. Conceptually, a shift in the price of an index represents an equitable change in the stocks included in the index.
Market indexes are useful for assessing the historical performance of investment portfolios over time, but they don't reveal important details about the companies they track. They also have certain biases inherent in their statistical calculations. Remember that past performance is not a guarantee of future results.
Employer-sponsored retirement plans are more valuable than ever. The money in them grows tax deferred until it is withdrawn at retirement. And contributions to a 401(k) plan actually reduce your taxable income. But figuring out how to manage the assets in your retirement plan can be confusing, particularly in times of financial uncertainty.
The stock market is inherently extremely volatile. The return and principal value of stocks fluctuate with changes in market conditions. Stocks, when sold, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Is it a safe place for your retirement money? Or should you shift more into a money market fund offering a stable but lower return?
Diversification is a basic principle of investing. Spreading your holdings among several different asset classes (e.g., stocks, bonds, etc.) lessens your potential loss in any one investment. Do the same for the assets in your retirement plan. Keep in mind, however, that diversification does not guarantee against investment loss; it is a method used to help reduce investment risk.
Because some stocks influence the market more than others, each stock is given a different weight when the calculations are made. This is called "market-capitalization weighting," which is the type of weighting used for the Nasdaq Composite, the Wilshire 5000, and the Russell 2000. Over 70% of all U.S. equity is tracked by the S&P 500.
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